To Harvest or Not to Harvest – Vol. 1 No. 22
The "To Harvest or Not to Harvest" monograph examines research about sustainably harvesting black cohosh in the wild. This monograph also includes information on agroforestry and food forests. "To Harvest or Not to Harvest" is the second monograph in the Forests & Agriculture series.
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Highlights
- Forest & Agriculture Series
- Special Features: Agroforesty and Food Forests
- 3 Activities
- 2 Scientists
- Glossary
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Black cohosh is a forest plant that is harvested for its medicinal use. Black cohosh is native to eastern deciduous forests and can be found as far south as Georgia,...To Harvest or Not to Harvest: How Does Harvesting Impact Wild Plant Sustainability?
Black cohosh is a forest plant that is harvested for its medicinal use. Black cohosh is native to eastern deciduous forests and can be found as far south as Georgia,...
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In this FACTivity, you will learn what happens when something is overharvested and why sustainable harvesting is important. Materials: Harvest Recording Activity Sheet (included) Writing utensil Large quantity of an...FACTivity – To Harvest or Not to Harvest
In this FACTivity, you will learn what happens when something is overharvested and why sustainable harvesting is important. Materials: Harvest Recording Activity Sheet (included) Writing utensil Large quantity of an... -
Unscramble the words to create a sentence from “To Harvest or Not to Harvest!”Word Scramble – To Harvest or Not To Harvest
Unscramble the words to create a sentence from “To Harvest or Not to Harvest!” -
After reading “To Harvest or Not to Harvest,” see how much you learned with this eyeChallenge. Each of the following images represents something from the article. Explain what each of...eyeChallenge – To Harvest or Not to Harvest
After reading “To Harvest or Not to Harvest,” see how much you learned with this eyeChallenge. Each of the following images represents something from the article. Explain what each of...
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A food forest looks like a regular forest, but its plants also provide fresh fruits, nuts, mushrooms, herbs, and vegetables. Learn more about food forests and, in particular, Browns Mill...Spotlight – What Is a Food Forest?
A food forest looks like a regular forest, but its plants also provide fresh fruits, nuts, mushrooms, herbs, and vegetables. Learn more about food forests and, in particular, Browns Mill... -
Agroforestry is the practice of mixing trees, shrubs, crops, or animal production systems together. The purpose of mixing trees and shrubs with crops or animal production is to create environmental,...Spotlight – What Is Agroforestry?
Agroforestry is the practice of mixing trees, shrubs, crops, or animal production systems together. The purpose of mixing trees and shrubs with crops or animal production is to create environmental,...
Glossary
View All GlossaryClassroom Review Board
Ms. Moore’s 7th Grade Life Science
- Chamblee Middle School
- Chamblee, GA
Editorial Review Board Comments
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James Chamberlain
A major part of this research was to provide field experience to young people to encourage them to pursue careers in science. On one field trip, we had students from...View Profile -
Christine Small
I am very lucky to be able to spend much of my working time outdoors, exploring nature, and sharing my excitement with others. My favorite science experiences have involved hiking,...View Profile
Standards addressed in this Monograph:
Next Generation Science Standards
- ESS3.A-M1Humans depend on Earth’s land, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere for many different resources. Minerals, fresh water, and biosphere resources are limited, and many are not renewable or replaceable over human lifetimes. These resources are distributed unevenly around the planet as a result of past geologic processes.
- ESS3.C-H1The sustainability of human societies and the biodiversity that supports them requires responsible management of natural resources.
- ESS3.C-H2Scientists and engineers can make major contributions by developing technologies that produce less pollution and waste and that preclude ecosystem degradation.
- ESS3.C-M1Human activities have significantly altered the biosphere, sometimes damaging or destroying natural habitats and causing the extinction of other species. But changes to Earth’s environments can have different impacts (negative and positive) for different living things.
- ESS3.C-M2Typically as human populations and per capita consumption of natural resources increase, so do the negative impacts on Earth unless the activities and technologies involved are engineered otherwise.
- ESS3.D-M1Human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature (global warming). Reducing the level of climate change and reducing human vulnerability to whatever climate changes do occur depend on the understanding of climate science, engineering capabilities, and other kinds of knowledge, such as understanding of human behavior, and on applying that knowledge wisely in decisions and activities.
- ETS1.B-M2There are systematic processes for evaluating solutions with respect to how well they meet criteria and constraints of a problem.
- ETS1.C-M2The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution.
- LS1.B-M3Plants reproduce in a variety of ways, sometimes depending on animal behavior and specialized features for reproduction.
- LS1.B-M4Genetic factors as well as local conditions affect the growth of the adult plant.
- LS2.A-M1Organisms, and populations of organisms, are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors.
- LS2.C-M1Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations.
- LS2.C-M2Biodiversity describes the variety of species found in Earth’s terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem’s biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health.
- LS4.D-H2Humans depend on the living world for the resources and other benefits provided by biodiversity. But human activity is also having adverse impacts on biodiversity through overpopulation, overexploitation, habitat destruction, pollution, introduction of invasive species, and climate change. Thus, sustaining biodiversity so that ecosystem functioning and productivity are maintained is essential to supporting and enhancing life on Earth. Sustaining biodiversity also aids humanity by preserving landscapes of recreational or inspirational value.
- LS4.D-M1Changes in biodiversity can influence humans’ resources, such as food, energy, and medicines, as well as ecosystem services that humans rely on—for example, water purification and recycling.
- MS-ETS1-1Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.
- MS-ETS1-2Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
- MS-LS2-1Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem.
- MS-LS2-5Evaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Note To Educators
The Forest Service's Mission
The Forest Service’s mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. For more than 100 years, our motto has been “caring for the land and serving people.” The Forest Service, an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), recognizes its responsibility to be engaged in efforts to connect youth to nature and to promote the development of science-based conservation education programs and materials nationwide.
What Is the Natural Inquirer?
Natural Inquirer is a science education resource journal to be used by students in grade 6 and up. Natural Inquirer contains articles describing environmental and natural resource research conducted by Forest Service scientists and their cooperators. These scientific journal articles have been reformatted to meet the needs of middle school students. The articles are easy to understand, are aesthetically pleasing to the eye, contain glossaries, and include hands-on activities. The goal of Natural Inquirer is to stimulate critical reading and thinking about scientific inquiry and investigation while teaching about ecology, the natural environment, and natural resources.
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Meet the Scientists
Introduces students to the scientists who did the research. This section may be used in a discussion about careers in science.
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What Kinds of Scientist Did This Research?
Introduces students to the scientific disciplines of the scientists who conducted the research.
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Thinking About Science
Introduces something new about the scientific process, such as a scientific habit of mind or procedures used in scientific studies.
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Thinking About the Environment
Introduces the environmental topic being addressed in the research.
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Introduction
Introduces the problem or question that the research addresses.
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Method
Describes the method the scientists used to collect and analyze their data.
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Findings & Discussion
Describes the results of the analysis. Addresses the findings and places them into the context of the original problem or question.
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Reflection Section
Presents questions aimed at stimulating critical thinking about what has been read or predicting what might be presented in the next section. These questions are placed at the end of each of the main article sections.
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Number Crunches
Presents an easy math problem related to the research.
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Glossary
Defines potentially new scientific or other terms to students. The first occurrence of a glossary word is bold in the text.
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Citation
Gives the original article citation with an internet link to the original article.
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FACTivity
Presents a hands-on activity that emphasizes something presented in the article.
Science Education Standards
You will find a listing of education standards which are addressed by each article at the back of each publication and on our website.
We Welcome Feedback
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Contact
Jessica Nickelsen
Director, Natural Inquirer program -
Email
Project Learning Tree
If you are a trained Project Learning Tree educator, you may use “We All Need Trees,” “Pass the Plants, Please,” and “A Forest of Many Uses” as additional resources.