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  • Woolly Watchers: Spotting Forest Invaders
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Woolly Watchers: Spotting Forest Invaders

  • Activity
  • Upper Elementary
  • Less than 30 minutes
  • Insects
  • Career
  • Eastern Hemlock
  • Entomology
  • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
  • Invasive Species
PDF preview of the Woolly Watchers worksheet
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This two-page worksheet is perfect for outdoor classrooms or visitor centers! Geared towards upper-elementary students, learn more about the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid and explore the fascinating career of being an entomologist!

Download free copies!

Woolly Watchers: Spotting Forest Invaders

Look closely at the needles on an eastern hemlock tree. Do you see fuzzy, white things – like tiny cotton balls – at the base of the needles? If you do, that tree has been attacked by an invasive insect called the hemlock woolly adelgid!

hemlock woolly adelgid eggs on the base of needles on a tree limb

USDA Forest Service photo by Michael Montgomery.


Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

The hemlock woolly adelgid is a tiny insect that drinks the sap out of eastern hemlock trees. Adelgids like to lay their eggs near the needles so that when the eggs hatch, the new insects can drink the sap there, too. Eastern hemlocks, like all trees, make sugars to feed their leaves, protect their buds, and grow. When the adelgids drink the sap, the trees don’t have enough nutrients to take care of themselves. After about three years, eastern hemlock trees infested by hemlock woolly adelgids die.

 

Eastern hemlocks grow in the Appalachian Mountain range, especially along rivers and streams. The area next to a river or stream is called a riparian area. In the southern Appalachians, eastern hemlocks make up about half of all plant life growing in riparian areas!

 

Dead trees in a forest

Courtesy photo by Jason Van Driesche, Bugwood.org.

 

The hemlock woolly adelgid damages many eastern hemlocks. When the trees die, the riparian areas, rivers, and streams can be damaged, too. Some scientists study the hemlock woolly adelgid and ways to keep them from damaging trees. Some people work to replant eastern hemlocks and restore riparian areas that have been damaged by the adelgid.

What does “invasive” mean? An invasive insect is an insect that (1) doesn’t come from the area it now lives in and (2) hurts the other plants and animals in their new home.


Try This: Be an Entomologist

An entomologist is a scientist who studies insects.

 

  • Some entomologists discover new insects we didn’t know about before.
  • Some study how a particular insect lives and grows.
  • Some entomologists study how insects affect their habitats.
  • Some learn how to reduce insect damage to trees and plants.

 

There are lots of things to learn about insects!

 

Head outside to a safe place and try these activities. When you are observing the insects, make sure you don’t touch them. Just use your eyes.

Chris observing insects in a tree using a small flashlight

USDA Forest Service photo by Chris Fettig


Finding Insects

Find a nearby tree. Look for insects on your tree. Draw any that you find on a sheet of paper or tablet. Label your drawing. If you don’t know what kind of insect it is, describe with words what you see. If you can’t go outside, try looking out a window and noting any insects you see. 

 

Fun Fact

Spiders make webs, but they aren’t insects. They are arachnids!

Insect Signs

Look closely at the ground and surrounding plants. Do you see any signs of insects, like holes in the ground, on leaves, or in tree trunks? What about egg cases or webs? Draw and label your findings. Can you discover what kind of insect left those clues?

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Standards addressed in this Activity:

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are a set of K-12 science education standards emphasizing inquiry-based learning, real-world applications, and integrating engineering practices, aiming to deepen understanding of science while promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
  • 4-LS1-1
    Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.
The Common Core Standards are educational benchmarks in the United States that outline clear expectations for what students should know and be able to do in English language arts and mathematics from kindergarten through 12th grade, aiming to ensure consistency and coherence in education nationwide.
  • By the end of year, read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in the grades 4–5 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.
  • By the end of the year, read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, at the high end of the grades 4–5 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
Social Studies Standards are educational guidelines outlining the essential knowledge, skills, and concepts students should learn in subjects such as history, geography, civics, and economics, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of societal structures, historical events, and global perspectives.
  • People, Places, and Environments
  • Science, Technology, and Society

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The Natural Inquirer program produces a variety of science education materials for PreK through grade 12. Natural Inquirer products are produced by the USDA Forest Service, FIND Outdoors, and other cooperators and partners.

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